Return to Glory 4 mins. 41 seconds video inside

Rothschild and Freshfields founders linked to slavery youtube

Dred Scott v. Sandford
EXCERPT:
Dred Scott v. Sandford,[1] 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857), commonly referred to as The Dred Scott Decision, was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants[2]—whether or not they were slaves—were not protected by the Constitution and could never be citizens of the United States. It also held that the United States Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. The Court also ruled that because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court. Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves—as chattel or private property—could not be taken away from their owners without due process. The Supreme Court's decision was written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney.

Although Dred Scott was never overruled by the Supreme Court itself, in the Slaughter-House Cases of 1873 the Court stated that at least one part of it had already been overruled in 1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment[3]:

slavevoyages.org
EXCERPT:
Search the Voyages Database
Look for particular voyages in this database of documented slaving expeditions. Create listings, tables, charts, and maps using information from the database.
Examine Estimates of the Slave Trade
Slaves on documented voyages represent four-fifths of the number who were actually transported. Use the interactive estimates page to analyze the full volume and multiple routes of the slave trade.
Explore the African Names Database
This database identifies over 67,000 Africans aboard slave ships, using name, age, gender, origin, and place of embarkation.

Slavery and the Rothschilds
EXCERPT:
Ironically, Mr. Nathan Mayer Rothschild was well known for his “philantropism” and his “abolitionist sentiments”. According to his company historians Rothschild fought “publicly” for emanicipation of slaves. He was also white-washed as “a prominent civil liberties campaigner with many like-minded associates.”

However, in private, the sneaky Mr. Rothschild was making a killing literally off slavery. Newly uncovered documents revealed by Financial Times of London for the first time show that Rothschild made personal gains by using slaves as collateral in banking dealings with slave owners.

freshfields.com

Slaves National Geographic
EXCERPT:
1857—Dred Scott Decision
The United States Supreme Court decides, seven to two, that blacks can never be citizens and that Congress has no authority to outlaw slavery in any territory.

Report Freshfields benefitted from slave trade
EXCERPT:
In recent years, several institutions, many here in the U.S., have acknowledged their links to slavery. In some instances, the institutions have apologized. Those mentioned by the FT article: healthcare giant Aetna; insurance company New York Life; and financial-services firms JPMorgan, Lehman Brothers, Wachovia and Bank of America.

JP Morgan and slave trade
EXCERPT:
JP Morgan Chase is facing a campaign of boycotts in the US after refusing to settle a court claim relating to its involvement in the 19th-century slave trade.

Black campaigners are calling on American students to boycott the bank's student loans business, which is worth $9 billion a year. JP Morgan Chase and its subsidiary, Bank One, are the country's biggest student loan providers.

'JP Morgan Chase amassed enormous wealth off the backs of enslaved Africans. It owes us restitution, but refuses to pay. It has left us no choice,' Deadria Farmer-Paellman, the campaign's leader, said at a rally outside the firm's New York headquarters.

The slavery claim relates to Citizens' Bank and Canal Bank in Louisiana, both now part of JP Morgan Chase, which owned about 1,250 slaves and accepted approximately 13,000 more as collateral on loans to plantation owners between the 1830s and 1860s.

Aetna acknowledges issuing slave policies OMG
EXCERPT:
"Aetna has long acknowledged that for several years shortly after its founding in 1853 that the company may have insured the lives of slaves," said Aetna spokesman Fred Laberge. "We express our deep regret over any participation at all in this deplorable practice."

Aetna’s public apology was prompted by an inquiry from activist Deadria Farmer-Paellmann, who earlier this year contacted the Hartford-based company to seek an apology and reparations.

Aetna, which noted that the slave policies were legal before slavery was abolished, said it plans to make no reparations. "We have concluded that no further actions are required at this time," Laberge said. Aetna said its records show the company wrote no more than a dozen such policies to slave owners. The company said it previously acknowledged having written slave policies in a report prepared in 1956.

The slavers of Wall Street investment banks and trans atlantic slave trade
EXCERPT:
New York Life Insurance coy in 2002 donated documents about the insurance it sold to slave owners in the 1840s to a New York library. It also backed educational efforts.

Lehman Brothers, the trillion dollar bank which was so big as to be beyond failure. Lehman Brothers the investment bank whose fall triggered the global financial crisis; yes, Lehman Brothers was started off as a brotherhood of slave dealers and their profiteers. Lehman made so much money off trading and speculating on the miseries and death of African peoples that they became richer than Croesus. Yet they failed. On the eve of the assumption of the Presidency by the Black man Obama. In 2005 Lehman had apologised for its predecessors’ links to slavery.

Bank of America another one of those giants of Wall street financing was built off the blood and sweat of Black people in Africa, as well as in North and South America. Bank of America recently offered its regrets for any actions its predecessors might have taken to support or tolerate slavery.


Predecessor Institutions Research Regarding Slavery and the Slave Trade pdf

Historical Research Report
Predecessor Institutions Research Regarding
Slavery and the Slave Trade

First published May 25, 2006
Updated May 29, 2009
RBSG/CFG HISTORICAL RESEARCH REPORT - MAY 2006 (UPDATED MAY 2009)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The following report summarizes the research and key findings of historical investigations into the surviving records of the predecessors of Citizens Financial Group (Citizens) and The Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBSG). The investigations set out to identify any links between these predecessors and the slave trade or slavery which were documented in their records.

The research was carried out by teams of professional historians and archivists who reviewed a wide variety of historical sources at dozens of repositories in the United States and the United Kingdom.

During their review, researchers searched for any indication of the following:

• direct ownership of slaves or involvement in the slave trade by these predecessors
• slave insurance policies issued to slave holders
• loans made by the predecessors that were secured in whole or in part by slaves
• investment in enterprises or institutions that had ties to slavery
• trade in goods produced by slaves
• other business relations with individuals or institutions that had ties to slavery
• indications that founders, partners or senior officials of these predecessors either owned slaves themselves or had ties to the slave trade Researchers sought and examined the records of more than 200 British and American predecessors and stablished before December 1865, when slavery was formally abolished in the United States. The following is a summary of their key findings:

• There is no indication that any RBSG or Citizens predecessors were directly involved in the slave trade.

• There is no indication that any RBSG or Citizens predecessors ever issued slave life insurance policies.

• The research found evidence of five cases where RBSG predecessors made loans to plantation owners that were partially secured by slaves. In two of these cases, the predecessor appears to have assumed partial ownership of the plantation for a brief period when it foreclosed on the loan.

• There is no indication that any RBSG or Citizens predecessors ever directly invested in companies or institutions that owned slaves. The research found a few instances where RBSG predecessors purchased bonds issued by American slave-holding states.

• The research identified one case where an RBSG predecessor directly traded in goods produced by slaves.

• The research found indications that several RBSG and Citizens predecessors had business dealings with customers and other institutions that had ties to slavery.

• There is evidence that some partners and directors of RBSG and Citizens predecessors either owned slaves themselves or had ties to the slave trade

• There is evidence that RBSG had banking relationships with individuals and organizations involved in the campaign for the abolition of slavery

RBSG/CFG HISTORICAL RESEARCH REPORT - MAY 2006 (UPDATED MAY 2009)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The following research methodology was adopted by Citizens Financial Group (Citizens) and The Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBSG) to investigate potential historical connections between their predecessors and the slave trade or institution of slavery. The research in the United States was carried out by History Associates Incorporated, a professional historical services firm based in
Rockville, Maryland. The research in the United Kingdom was undertaken by archivists with The Royal Bank of Scotland's archives and an independent historical consultant.